Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Procedures for Males

  The primary treatment option for infertile men with obstructive azoospermia was vasovasostomy or vasoepididymostomy for reconstruct able  causes, or implantation of an alloplastic artificial spermatocele for subsequent percutaneous retrieval of sperm for unreconstructed  able causes, such as congenital absence of the vas deferens. Since the first US report of a successful delivery from  in vitro fertilization (IVF) in 1982, progress in the field of assisted reproduction and micromanipulation has been truly dramatic, particularly in the area of male factor infertility, offering couples considered irreversibly infertile,   Results: The consequences of ICSI are being used increasingly in the absence of abnormal semen parameters or male factors the role of male infertility per se in the analysis of outcomes has become less evident. There is often a masking of data pertaining to male-factor infertility as ICSI is being used to increase the odds of successful live birth in couples w